Seabright, Edmond Alami, Sarah Kraft, Thomas S Davis, Helen Caldwell, Ann E Hooper, Paul McAllister, Lisa Mulville, Sarah Veila, Amanda von Rueden, Christopher
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Published in
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
While it is commonly thought that patrilocality is associated with worse outcomes for women and their children due to lower social support, few studies have examined whether the structure of female social networks covaries with post-marital residence. Here, we analyse scan sample data collected among Tsimane forager-farmers. We compare the social g...
Wills, Abigail R Shirima, Deo D Villemaire-Côté, Olivier Platts, Philip J Knight, Sarah J Loveridge, Robin Seki, Hamidu Waite, Catherine E Munishi, Pantaleo K T Lyatuu, Herman
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Published in
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
Effective restoration planning tools are needed to mitigate global carbon and biodiversity crises. Published spatial assessments of restoration potential are often at large scales or coarse resolutions inappropriate for local action. Using a Tanzanian case study, we introduce a systematic approach to inform landscape restoration planning, estimatin...
Cesana-Arlotti, Nicolò Varga, Bálint Téglás, Ernő
Published in
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
Contrasting possibilities has a fundamental adaptive value for prediction and learning. Developmental research, however, has yielded controversial findings. Some data suggest that preschoolers might have trouble in planning actions that take into account mutually exclusive possibilities, while other studies revealed an early understanding of altern...
Fitzgibbon, Lily Murayama, Kou
Published in
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
Counterfactual information, information about what might have been, forms the content of counterfactual thoughts and emotions like regret and relief. Recent research suggests that human adults and children, as well as rhesus monkeys, demonstrate 'counterfactual curiosity': they are motivated to seek out counterfactual information after making decis...
Epstude, Kai Effron, Daniel A Roese, Neal J
Published in
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
Four studies examine how political partisanship qualifies previously documented regularities in people's counterfactual thinking (n = 1186 Democrats and Republicans). First, whereas prior work finds that people generally prefer to think about how things could have been better instead of worse (i.e. entertain counterfactuals in an upward versus down...
Harris, Paul L
Published in
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
Children's ability to reason about junctures leading to two different destinations emerges slowly, with convergent evidence for a conceptual watershed at approximately 4 years. Young children and great apes misrepresent such junctures, planning for only one expected outcome. However, singular possibilities, as opposed to two mutually exclusive poss...
Comrie, Alison E Frank, Loren M Kay, Kenneth
Published in
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
Imagination is a biological function that is vital to human experience and advanced cognition. Despite this importance, it remains unknown how imagination is realized in the brain. Substantial research focusing on the hippocampus, a brain structure traditionally linked to memory, indicates that firing patterns in spatially tuned neurons can represe...
Bulley, Adam Lempert, Karolina M Conwell, Colin Irish, Muireann Schacter, Daniel L
Published in
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
Intertemporal decision-making has long been assumed to measure self-control, with prominent theories treating choices of smaller, sooner rewards as failed attempts to override immediate temptation. If this view is correct, people should be more confident in their intertemporal decisions when they 'successfully' delay gratification than when they do...
Vale, G L Coughlin, C Brosnan, S F
Published in
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
Thinking about possibilities plays a critical role in the choices humans make throughout their lives. Despite this, the influence of individuals' ability to consider what is possible on culture has been largely overlooked. We propose that the ability to reason about future possibilities or prospective cognition, has consequences for cultural change...
Redshaw, Jonathan Ganea, Patricia A
Published in
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
Humans possess the remarkable capacity to imagine possible worlds and to demarcate possibilities and impossibilities in reasoning. We can think about what might happen in the future and consider what the present would look like had the past turned out differently. We reason about cause and effect, weigh up alternative courses of action and regret o...
