Published in Journal of Artificial General Intelligence
In 2011, Hibbard suggested an intelligence measure for agents who compete in an adversarial sequence prediction game. We argue that Hibbard’s idea should actually be considered as two separate ideas: first, that the intelligence of such agents can be measured based on the growth rates of the runtimes of the competitors that they defeat; and second,...
Published in PeerJ
Depsidones are a class of polyphenolic polyketides that have been proposed to be biosynthesized from oxidative coupling of esters of two polyketidic benzoic acid derivatives. They are principally encountered in fungi and lichens. In addition to their diversified structural features, they revealed varied bioactivities such as antimicrobial, antimala...
Published in PeerJ
Vine decline disease caused by the fungus Monosporascus cannonballus, is a threat to melon production (Cucumis melo L.) worldwide. Nonetheless, little is known about the metabolites produced during the host pathogen interaction. Thus, the objective of this study was to measure quantities of amino acids produced over time during such an interaction....
Published in PeerJ
Hyperosmolality-gated calcium-permeable channels (OSCA) are Ca2 + nonselective cation channels that contain the calcium-dependent DUF221 domain, which plays an important role in plant response to stress and growth. However, the OSCA gene has not been fully identified and analyzed in sunflowers. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the number,...
Published in PeerJ
Drought stress is a major prevalent environmental factor impairing growth. Melatonin mitigates the impacts of drought stress on plants. However, melatonin's role in Phoebe sheareri (Hemsl.) Gamble (P. sheareri) is unknown. We aimed to reveal the protective effects of melatonin on P. sheareri seedlings under drought conditions. Melatonin was sprayed...
Published in PeerJ
The management of invasive Tamarix genotypes depends on reliable and accurate information of their extent and distribution. This study investigated the utility of the multispectral Sentinel-2 imageries to map infestations of the invasive Tamarix along three riparian ecosystems in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. The Sentinel-2 image was a...
Published in PeerJ
Hydrodynamic stress shapes the flora and fauna that exist in wave-swept environments, alters species interactions, and can become the primary community structuring agent. Yet, hydrodynamics can be difficult to quantify because instrumentation is expensive, some methods are unreliable, and accurately measuring spatial and temporal differences can be...
Published in PeerJ
The aim of this study is to examine the factors that contribute to anxiety and depression in individuals undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), as well as their association with serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and serotonin (5-HT). In May 2020 and June 2022, 120 MHD patients who received MDH trea...
Published in PeerJ
Lung cancer (LC) is the most prevalent cancer with a poor prognosis. Semaphorin4A (Sema4A) is important in many physiological and pathological processes. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of Sema4A in LC. Firstly, Sema4A expression was analyzed by the available dataset and detected in human normal bronchial epithelial cell line (HB...
Published in PeerJ
The purpose of this study was to identify how generalized fatigue along with hormonal changes throughout the menstrual cycle affects trunk variability and local dynamic stability during gait. General fatigue was induced by an incremental test on a treadmill, and the menstrual cycle was divided into three phases: follicular, ovulatory, and luteal. T...
