Murugan, Madhuvika Zheng, Jiaying Wu, Gongxiong Mogilevsky, Rochelle Zheng, Xin Hu, Peiwen Wu, Junfang Wu, Long-Jun
Published in
Molecular Brain
Traumatic injury to the spinal cord initiates a series of pathological cellular processes that exacerbate tissue damage at and beyond the original site of injury. This secondary damage includes oxidative stress and inflammatory cascades that can lead to further neuronal loss and motor deficits. Microglial activation is an essential component of the...
Barthelson, Karissa Pederson, Stephen Martin Newman, Morgan Lardelli, Michael
Published in
Molecular Brain
To prevent or delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we must understand its molecular basis. The great majority of AD cases arise sporadically with a late onset after 65 years of age (LOAD). However, rare familial cases of AD can occur due to dominant mutations in a small number of genes that cause an early onset prior to 65 years of age (EOf...
Tao-Cheng, Jung-Hwa
Published in
Molecular Brain
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis plays an important role in the recycling of synaptic vesicle in presynaptic terminals, and in the recycling of transmitter receptors in neuronal soma/dendrites. The present study uses electron microscopy (EM) and immunogold EM to document the different categories of clathrin-coated vesicles (CCV) and pits (CCP) in axon...
Hara, Ryuto Takahashi, Daiki Takehara, Tatsuhiro Amano, Taiju Minami, Masabumi
Published in
Molecular Brain
The comorbidities of depression and chronic pain have long been recognized in the clinic, and several preclinical studies have demonstrated depression-like behaviors in animal models of chronic pain. These findings suggest a common neuronal basis for depression and chronic pain. Recently, we reported that the mesolimbic dopaminergic system was toni...
Kawashita, Eri Ishihara, Keiichi Miyaji, Haruko Tanishima, Yu Kiriyama, Akiko Matsuo, Osamu Akiba, Satoshi
Published in
Molecular Brain
α2-Antiplasmin (α2AP), a principal physiological plasmin inhibitor, is mainly produced by the liver and kidneys, but it is also expressed in several parts of the brain, including the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Our previous study demonstrated that α2AP knockout mice exhibit spatial memory impairment in comparison to wild-type mice, suggesting ...
Lin, Kunzhang Zhong, Xin Li, Lei Ying, Min Yang, Tian Zhang, Zhijian He, Xiaobin Xu, Fuqiang
Published in
Molecular Brain
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs), particularly those that permit efficient gene transfer to neurons from axonal terminals or across the blood–brain barrier, are useful vehicles for structural and functional studies of the neural circuit and for the treatment of many gene-deficient brain diseases that need to compensate for the correct g...
Bono, Keiko Hara-Miyauchi, Chikako Sumi, Shunsuke Oka, Hisayoshi Iguchi, Yasuyuki Okano, Hirotaka James
Published in
Molecular Brain
Mutations in the Vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) gene have been linked to familial Parkinson’s disease (PD), PARK17. VPS35 is a key component of the retromer complex, which plays a central role in endosomal trafficking. However, whether and how VPS35 deficiency or mutation contributes to PD pathogenesis remain unclear. Here, we analyzed human i...
Jeong, Min-Jae Lee, Changhee Sung, Kibong Jung, Jung Hoon Pyo, Jung Hyun Kim, Joung-Hun
Published in
Molecular Brain
Most individuals undergo traumatic stresses at some points in their life, but only a small proportion develop stress-related disorders such as anxiety diseases and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although stress susceptibility is one determinant of mental disorders, the underlying mechanisms and functional implication remain unclear yet. We f...
Kim, Yong Gyu Kim, Sang Jeong
Published in
Molecular Brain
The optokinetic response (OKR), a reflexive eye movement evoked by a motion of the visual field, is known to adapt its strength to cope with an environmental change throughout life, which is a type of cerebellum-dependent learning. Previous studies suggested that OKR learning induces changes in in-vivo spiking activity and synaptic transmission of ...
He, Xiao-fei Li, Ge Li, Li-li Li, Ming-yue Liang, Feng-yin Chen, Xi Hu, Xi-quan
Published in
Molecular Brain
BackgroundCerebral microinfarcts (MIs) lead to progressive cognitive impairments in the elderly, and there is currently no effective preventative strategy due to uncertainty about the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. One possibility is the dysfunction of GABAergic transmission and ensuing excitotoxicity. Dysfunction of GABAergic transmission induc...
