Published in Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
In vivo genome editing meets numerous challenges including efficiency and safety. Here we describe an efficient in vivo genome editing method of delivering CRISPR-Cas9 into vascular endothelial cells with adeno-associated viruses (AAVs). In this system, expression of SpCas9 is driven by a specific endothelial promoter of intercellular adhesion mole...
Published in Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has outbreak since early December 2019, and COVID-19 has caused over 100 million cases and 2 million deaths around the world. After one year of the COVID-19 outbreak, there is no certain and approve medicine against it. Drug repositioning has become one line of scientific research that is being pursued to dev...
Published in Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China more than a year ago, it has spread across the world in a very short span of time. Although, different forms of vaccines are being rolled out for vaccination programs around the globe, the mutation of the virus is still a cause of concern among the research communities. Hence, it is important to stu...
Published in Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
Published in Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
The protracted COVID 19 pandemic may indicate failures of scientific methodologies. Hoping to facilitate the evaluation and/or update of methods relevant in Biomedicine, several aspects of scientific processes are here explored. First, the background is reviewed. In particular, eight topics are analyzed: (i) the history of Higher Education models i...
Published in Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
Most cells adapt to their environment by switching combinations of genes on and off through a complex interplay of transcription factor proteins (TFs). The mechanisms by which TFs respond to signals, move into the nucleus and find specific binding sites in target genes is still largely unknown. Single-molecule fluorescence microscopes, which can im...
Published in Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
In single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), the use of engineered point spread functions (PSFs) provides access to three-dimensional localization information. The conventional approach of fitting PSFs with a single 2-dimensional Gaussian profile, however, often falls short in analyzing complex PSFs created by placing phase masks, deformable ...
Published in Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
Membrane proteins play key roles at the interface between the cell and its environment by mediating selective import and export of molecules via plasma membrane channels. Despite a multitude of studies on transmembrane channels, understanding of their dynamics directly within living systems is limited. To address this, we correlated molecular scale...
Published in Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
Bacterial Flagellar Motor is one of nature's rare rotary molecular machines. It enables bacterial swimming and it is the key part of the bacterial chemotactic network, one of the best studied chemical signalling networks in biology, which enables bacteria to direct its movement in accordance with the chemical environment. The network can sense down...
Published in Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
A major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease is the misfolding and aggregation of the amyloid- β peptide (Aβ). While early research pointed towards large fibrillar- and plaque-like aggregates as being the most toxic species, recent evidence now implicates small soluble Aβ oligomers as being orders of magnitude more harmful. Techniques capable of charact...
