Strathmann, Richard R
Published in
Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution
Many colonial marine animals care for embryos by brooding them on or in their bodies. For brooding to occur, features of the animals must allow it, and brooding must be at least as advantageous as releasing gametes or zygotes. Shared features of diverse colonial brooders are suspension feeding and a body composed of small modules that are indefinit...
Hiebert, Laurel S Simpson, Carl Tiozzo, Stefano
Published in
Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution
Nearly half of the animal phyla contain species that propagate asexually via agametic reproduction, often forming colonies of genetically identical modules, that is, ramets, zooids, or polyps. Clonal reproduction, colony formation, and modular organization have important consequences for many aspects of organismal biology. Theories in ecology, evol...
Alié, Alexandre Hiebert, Laurel S Scelzo, Marta Tiozzo, Stefano
Published in
Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution
Tunicates encompass a large group of marine filter-feeding animals and more than half of them are able to reproduce asexually by a particular form of nonembryonic development (NED) generally called budding. The phylogeny of tunicates suggests that asexual reproduction is an evolutionarily plastic trait, a view that is further reinforced by the fact...
Koehl, M A R
Published in
Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution
Choanoflagellates, unicellular eukaryotes that can form multicellular colonies by cell division and that share a common ancestor with animals, are used as a model system to study functional consequences of being unicellular versus colonial. This review examines performance differences between unicellular and multicellular choanoflagellates in swimm...
Dias, Gustavo M Dutra, Felipe S Duarte, Rafael C
Published in
Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution
Modular organization provides flexibility for colonial animals to deal with variable and unpredictable environmental conditions since each module has specific tasks within the colony, such as feeding, defending or reproducing. Depending on the selecting pressures, sessile organisms may phenotypically adjust the morphology of each module or modify t...
Simpson, Carl
Published in
Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution
Colonial marine invertebrates, such as corals and bryozoans, have modular growth. Individual modules within a colony are homologous to an individual solitary animal body. But in contrast to the predominately sexual origin of solitary animal bodies, modules within a colony are always produced asexually. The repetition of modules and the indeterminis...
Guzmán-Herrera, Alejandra Arias Del Angel, Juan A Rivera-Yoshida, Natsuko Benítez, Mariana Franci, Alessio
Published in
Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution
Development and evolution are dynamical processes under the continuous control of organismic and environmental factors. Generic physical processes, associated with biological materials and certain genes or molecules, provide a morphological template for the evolution and development of organism forms. Generic dynamical behaviors, associated with re...
Blackstone, Neil W
Published in
Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution
Despite considerable interest in the effects of evolutionary conflict in colonies of social insects, relatively little attention has been paid to this issue in clonal animals with modular construction, such as colonial ascidians, bryozoans, and cnidarians. These colonial animals are structural individuals, subdivided into repeated morphological mod...
Santagata, Scott
Published in
Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution
Evolutionary mechanisms that underlie the origins of coloniality among organisms are diverse. Some animal colonies may be comprised strictly of clonal individuals formed from asexual budding or comprised of a chimera of clonal and sexually produced individuals that fuse secondarily. This investigation focuses on select members of the lophophorates ...
Muneoka, Ken Dawson, Lindsay A
Published in
Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution
Mammalian epimorphic regeneration is rare and digit tip regeneration in mice is the best-studied model for a multi-tissue regenerative event that involves blastema formation. Digit tip regeneration parallels human fingertip regeneration, thus understanding the details of this response can provide insight into developing strategies to expand the pot...
