Published in Immunity
Soon after activation, CD4+ T cells are segregated into BCL6+ follicular helper (Tfh) and BCL6- effector (Teff) T cells. Here, we explored how these subsets are maintained during chronic antigen stimulation using the mouse chronic LCMV infection model. Using single cell-transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses, we identified a population of PD-1+ TCF...
Published in Immunity
As the establishment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cell memory in children remains largely unexplored, we recruited convalescent COVID-19 children and adults to define their circulating memory SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells prior to vaccination. We analyzed epitope-specific T cells directly ex...
Published in Immunity
Aschman et al. discuss possible mechanisms of neuroimmune interactions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. While there is currently no evidence of replicating virus in the CNS, sickness behavior, as well as cognitive impairment after infections, could be due to the effects of cytokines. Moreover, neuroimmunological diseases associated with COVID-...
Published in Immunity
The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern brings new challenges toward host immunity and protection. Huang et al. tested the neutralization potency of 50 human mAbs against Omicron sub-variants BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, and BA.3. Structural analysis of three mAbs provides further insight into the immune evasion capacity of Omicron sub-variants.
Published in Immunity
Many aspects of SARS-CoV-2 have fully conformed with the principles established by decades of viral immunology research, ultimately leading to the crowning achievement of highly effective COVID-19 vaccines. Nonetheless, the pandemic has also exposed areas where our fundamental knowledge is thinner. Some key unknowns are the duration of humoral immu...
Published in Immunity
Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), cDC1 and cDC2, act both to initiate immunity and maintain self-tolerance. The tryptophan metabolic enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is used by cDCs in maintaining tolerance, but its role in different subsets remains unclear. At homeostasis, only mature CCR7+ cDC1 expressed IDO1 that was dependent on I...
Published in Immunity
Published in Immunity
SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination produces neutralizing antibody responses that contribute to better clinical outcomes. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the spike trimer (S) constitute the two major neutralizing targets for antibodies. Here, we use NTD-specific probes to capture anti-NTD memory B cells in a lon...
Published in Immunity
Our understanding of persistent HIV tissue reservoirs is constrained by our limited ability to visualize the cellular components of these viral reservoirs. Jiang et al. develop a robust method that combines nucleic acid and protein imaging, termed PANINI, and use it to uncover the orchestrated immune events of retroviral lymphoid tissue reservoirs....
Published in Immunity
Microbial exposures are crucial environmental factors that impact healthspan by sculpting the immune system and microbiota. Antibody profiling via Phage ImmunoPrecipitation Sequencing (PhIP-Seq) provides a high-throughput, cost-effective approach for detecting exposure and response to microbial protein products. We designed and constructed a librar...
