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AbstractThis text is intended as an introductory reading covering the principles of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), its main applications, and the most promising future trends of the technique. It could be considered as the basis of three or four lectures (6–8 h) in a university course of analytical chemistry/applied spectroscopy.Graph...
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AbstractThe partition of salts between two polar immiscible solvents results from the partition of the cations and anions. Because electroneutrality rules in both phases, the partition of cations is affected by that of anions, and vice versa. Thus, the partition of a salt is determined by the chemical potentials of cations and anions in both phases...
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We regret that Table 2 did not list all 118 elements of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table.
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AbstractThe concepts of acidity and pKa values often occupy a privileged place in the undergraduate organic chemistry curriculum. However, by neglecting the relationship between solvent and acidity, many students come to understand acidity as a fixed property of a molecule, invariant regardless of reaction conditions. Moreover, the sole use of pKa ...
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AbstractThis work explains the stochastic simulation of reaction, diffusion, and combined reaction-diffusion using algorithms and examples of generic cases in 1D and 2D geometries. It explains the Gillespie method for the simulation of chemical reactions and extends it to the simulation of diffusion, including a new improvement on the use of multip...
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AbstractThree different lines of thinking (mechanical, mixed thermodynamical-mechanical, statistical thermodynamic) are presented to derive the noted barometric formula, which gives the altitude dependence of the pressure of a gas in a gravity field. It is shown that the first two methods can be extended to non-isothermal cases, whereas statistical...
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AbstractElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy is presented as a transfer function technique that is applied to electrochemical systems. Examples are provided that show the unique capability of the technique to provide valuable information that may otherwise be difficult or impossible to obtain.Graphical abstractRepresentation of the system respons...
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Several carboxylic acids and hydrogen fluoride show a strange behavior in the vapor phase, which is assigned to the association of the monomers. The association to dimers or even higher molecular structures is expressed by the compressibility factor, which is well below 1 even at low pressures for the respective components. The purpose of this pape...
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AbstractAlkali metal ions, spherical, diamagnetic, colourless, with a single oxidation number and devoid of any (+1/+n) redox activity, have been ignored by inorganic chemists and coordination chemists until the 1960s, when Charles John Pedersen, an American chemist at Dupont, at the threshold of retirement, serendipitously synthesised a new class ...
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Chemists are masters of colors, be it their synthesis or the analysis of natural dyes and pigments. Therefore, it is mandatory that chemistry students acquire some basic knowledge of color theories. The contemporaries of Wilhelm Ostwald (1853–1932), Nobel Laureate for Chemistry in 1909, repeatedly refused to accept and often even acidly opposed his...
