Pyun, Su-Il
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ChemTexts
This article deals with the thermodynamics of energy conversion systems with a focus on osmotic membrane and selectively permeable membrane systems for beginners of research in membrane chemistry. Two applications of the concept of the reversible Donnan potential are presented: the irreversible steady-state membrane potential across a biological me...
Jeršek, Miha Jovanovski, Gligor Boev, Blažo Makreski, Petre
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ChemTexts
This lecture text presents features of the fascinating mineral corundum and its gem varieties, ruby and sapphire. The geologic occurrences of its varieties and the best-known world localities are presented in detail. The mineralogy and crystallography of corundum, as well as its occurrence forms, are discussed. The origin of their colour varieties ...
Ramachanderan, Raghavendra Schaefer, Bernd
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ChemTexts
Tetracyclines belong to the first broad-spectrum, well-tolerated, and easy-to-administer antibiotics, which are effective against plague, cholera, typhoid, syphilis, Legionnaire’s disease, and anthrax. Some can also be used to treat malaria, Lyme disease, tuberculosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and leprosy. Humans first encountered these chemic...
Callapez, Maria Elvira
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ChemTexts
This paper aims to present a history of plastics in Portugal. In the context of this paper, the ‘history of plastics’ means a historical approach to the evolution over time of a broad field of relationships involving plastics after their arrival in Portugal at the beginning of the twentieth century. This will include the technological and scientifi...
Scholz, Gudrun
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ChemTexts
AbstractThis lecture text is focused on the comparatively young field of mechanochemistry of fluoride solids, considering both their mechanical activation and their mechanochemical synthesis. Beside a literature survey, the mechanochemical synthesis of binary fluorides MF2, MF3, of complex fluorides MMgF4, of solid solutions MaxMb1−xF2 or M1−xLnxF2...
Callapez, Maria Elvira
Published in
ChemTexts
Hillscher, Laura M. Liebich, Valentina J. Avrutina, Olga Biesalski, Markus Kolmar, Harald
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ChemTexts
Functional papers are the subject of extensive research efforts and have already become an irreplaceable part of our modern society. Among other issues, they enable fast and inexpensive detection of a plethora of analytes and simplify laboratory work, for example in medical tests. This article focuses on the molecular and structural fundamentals of...
Lenzen, Sigurd
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ChemTexts
The biosynthesis of insulin takes place in the insulin-producing beta cells that are organized in the form of islets of Langerhans together with a few other islet cell types in the pancreas organ. The signal for glucose-induced insulin secretion is generated in two pathways in the mitochondrial metabolism of the pancreatic beta cells. These pathway...
Carrero, J. I.
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ChemTexts
The numerical techniques necessary to reduce volumetric and calorimetric solution data to models are dispersed in textbooks, but this work explains how to apply interpolation and curve fitting to solution data with volume and enthalpy examples. All the calculation codes and spreadsheets are available for download, making this work useful for physic...
Petrović, Marija
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ChemTexts
Selenium (Se) is an essential element for humans and animals, with one of the narrowest ranges between deficiency ( 400 µg day−1). Se is very widespread in all environments (rocks, soils, waters, air, plant and animal tissue) but in very low concentrations. Thus, there are no ores from which Se can be effectively mined. This can create a potential ...
