Li, Fan Zhang, Bin Duan, Shangchun Qing, Wenxiang Tan, Longjiao Chen, Shanshan Wang, Yi Li, Dan Yang, Jing Tong, Jianbin
...
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Brain research
The prevention and treatment of sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) remains challenging in clinic. Besides the anti-infection treatments and goal-directed supportive treatments, no specific method is reported for the prevention and treatment of SAE. This study tried to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of small dose of L-dopa/Ben...
Abreu, Aline R Molosh, Andrei I Johnson, Philip L Shekhar, Anantha
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Brain research
Orexin has been implicated in a number of physiological functions, including arousal, regulation of sleep, energy metabolism, appetitive behaviors, stress, anxiety, fear, panic, and cardiovascular control. In this review, we will highlight research focused on orexin system in the medial hypothalamic regions of perifornical (PeF) and dorsomedial hyp...
Zarrabian, Shahram Riahi, Esmail Karimi, Sara Razavi, Yasaman Haghparast, Abbas
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Brain research
Despite a history of more than a century of intense research in drug addiction, with currently available medication and behavioral therapy, the rate of relapse to drug use is 40-60 percent within a year after the cessation of treatment. The discovery of the neuropeptide orexin/hypocretin in 1998 and subsequent research during the past 20 years reve...
Summers, Cliff H Yaeger, Jazmine D W Staton, Clarissa D Arendt, David H Summers, Tangi R
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Brain research
Hypothalmic orexin/hypocretin (Orx) neurons in the lateral and dorsomedial perifornical region (LH-DMH/PeF) innervate broadly throughout the brain, and receive similar inputs. This wide distribution, as well as two Orx peptides (OrxA and OrxB) and two Orx receptors (Orx1 and Orx2) allow for functionally related but distinctive behavioral outcomes, ...
Burdakov, Denis
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Brain research
Survival-maximizing, well-timed actions are a key responsibility of the brain. Hypothalamic neurons containing neurotransmitters orexins/hypocretins are important players in this process. Individuals without orexin neurons display inappropriately-timed transitions between arousal states, and other behavioural abnormalities including increased risk-...
Wiskerke, Joost James, Morgan H Aston-Jones, Gary
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Brain research
There is considerable clinical interest in the neuropeptide orexin/hypocretin for its ability to regulate motivation and reward as well as arousal and wakefulness. For instance, antagonists for the orexin-1 receptor (OxR1) are thought to hold great promise for treating drug addiction and disorders associated with overeating, as these compounds repe...
Barson, Jessica R
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Brain research
At its discovery, orexin/hypocretin (OX) was hypothesized to promote food intake. Subsequently, with the identification of the participation of OX in numerous other phenomena, including arousal and drug seeking, this neuropeptide was proposed to be involved in highly motivated behaviors. The present review develops the hypothesis that the primary e...
Liu, Jing-Jing Mirabella, Vincent R Pang, Zhiping P
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Brain research
Orexin-expressing neurons are located exclusively in the lateral hypothalamic and perifornical areas and exhibit complex connectivity. The intricate wiring pattern is evident from a diverse function for orexin neurons in regulating many physiological processes and behaviors including sleep, metabolism, circadian cycles, anxiety, and reward. Neverth...
Teegala, Suraj B Sheng, Zhenyu Dalal, Miloni S Hirschberg, Pamela R Beck, Kevin D Routh, Vanessa H
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Brain research
Glucose inhibits ∼60% of lateral hypothalamic (LH) orexin neurons. Fasting increases the activation of LH orexin glucose-inhibited (GI) neurons in low glucose. Increases in spontaneous glutamate excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) onto putative VTA DA neurons in low glucose are orexin dependent (Sheng et al., 2014). VTA DA neurons modulate re...
Freeman, Linnea R Aston-Jones, Gary
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Brain research
Orexin neurons (Orx; also referred to as hypocretin) are found exclusively in the hypothalamus, and release the neuropeptides orexin A and orexin B (also referred to as hypocretin 1 and 2) throughout the CNS. With its widespread targets, the orexin system is involved in a number of functions including, but not limited to stress, reward, wakefulness...
