Cirkovic, A. Garovic, V. Milin Lazovic, J. Milicevic, O. Savic, M. Rajovic, N. Aleksic, N. Weissgerber, T. Stefanovic, A. Stanisavljevic, D.
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Published in
Biology of Sex Differences
BackgroundStudies have recently examined the role of epigenetic mechanisms in preeclampsia pathophysiology. One commonly examined epigenetic process is DNA methylation. This heritable epigenetic marker is involved in many important cellular functions. The aim of this study was to establish the association between DNA methylation and preeclampsia an...
Abi-Ghanem, Charly Robison, Lisa S. Zuloaga, Kristen L.
Published in
Biology of Sex Differences
Androgens affect the cerebral vasculature and may contribute to sex differences in cerebrovascular diseases. Men are at a greater risk for stroke and vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) compared to women throughout much of the lifespan. The cerebral vasculature is a target for direct androgen actions, as it expresses ...
Moore, Kyle H. Chapman, Heather George, Eric M.
Published in
Biology of Sex Differences
Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sFlt-1) is an anti-angiogenic protein which is secreted by numerous cell types and acts as a decoy receptor for the angiogenic protein vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Despite its physiologic importance in maintaining angiogenic balance, excess sFlt-1 levels are associated with the pa...
Sundermann, Erin E. Panizzon, Matthew S. Chen, Xu Andrews, Murray Galasko, Douglas Banks, Sarah J.
Published in
Biology of Sex Differences
Women show greater pathological Tau biomarkers than men along the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum, particularly among apolipoprotein ε-E4 (APOE4) carriers; however, the reason for this sex difference in unknown. Sex differences often indicate an underlying role of sex hormones. We examined whether testosterone levels might influence this sex dif...
Zucker, Irving Prendergast, Brian J.
Published in
Biology of Sex Differences
BackgroundWomen experience adverse drug reactions, ADRs, nearly twice as often as men, yet the role of sex as a biological factor in the generation of ADRs is poorly understood. Most drugs currently in use were approved based on clinical trials conducted on men, so women may be overmedicated. We determined whether sex differences in drug pharmacoki...
Sabbatini, Andrea Rodrigues Kararigas, Georgios
Published in
Biology of Sex Differences
Hypertension (HTN) is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) events, target organ damage (TOD), premature death and disability worldwide. The pathophysiology of HTN is complex and influenced by many factors including biological sex. Studies show that the prevalence of HTN is higher among adults aged 60 and over, highlighting the increase of ...
Kight, Katherine E. McCarthy, Margaret M.
Published in
Biology of Sex Differences
The hippocampus is central to spatial learning and stress responsiveness, both of which differ in form and function in males versus females, yet precisely how the hippocampus contributes to these sex differences is largely unknown. In reproductively mature individuals, sex differences in the steroid hormone milieu undergirds many sex differences in...
Gebhard, Catherine Regitz-Zagrosek, Vera Neuhauser, Hannelore K. Morgan, Rosemary Klein, Sabra L.
Published in
Biology of Sex Differences
BackgroundEmerging evidence from China suggests that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is deadlier for infected men than women with a 2.8% fatality rate being reported in Chinese men versus 1.7% in women. Further, sex-disaggregated data for COVID-19 in several European countries show a similar number of cases between the sexes, but more severe ou...
Prokop, Jeremy W. Chhetri, Surya B. van Veen, J. Edward Chen, Xuqi Underwood, Adam C. Uhl, Katie Dwinell, Melinda R. Geurts, Aron M. Correa, Stephanie M. Arnold, Arthur P.
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Published in
Biology of Sex Differences
BackgroundThe commonly used laboratory rat, Rattus norvegicus, is unique in having multiple Sry gene copies found on the Y chromosome, with different copies encoding amino acid variations that influence the resulting protein function. It is not clear which Sry genes are expressed at the onset of testis differentiation or how their expression correl...
Albrechet-Souza, Lucas Schratz, Connor L. Gilpin, Nicholas W.
Published in
Biology of Sex Differences
BackgroundAlcohol misuse and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are highly comorbid, and treatment outcomes are worse in individuals with both conditions. Although more men report experiencing traumatic events than women, the lifetime prevalence of PTSD is twice as high in females. Despite these data trends in humans, preclinical studies of trau...
