Published in Biology Bulletin
AbstractTo date, a number of methods for and approaches to the study of animal social behavior are used in ethology and neurophysiology. The present study describes experimental models of the operant behavior of rats in dyads, in which the animals have to compete or cooperate to earn a food or water reward delivered automatically after pressing the...
Published in Biology Bulletin
AbstractThe marking behavior of male Siberian Roe deer in central Yakutia, Siberia is considered in the context of a biological signal field. The optical elements of the Roe deer signal field are trees and shrubs damaged by their horns. Seven species of tree and shrub plants used by Roe deer as marking objects have been found: pine, larch, fir, bir...
Published in Biology Bulletin
Abstract—Based on the literature record, some forms of the behavior of the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica) are described, both on coastal hauling grounds and in their immediate vicinity. This includes territorial behavior, social relationships, thermoregulation behavior, play, and other forms of behavior on the hauling grounds; the animals making feedi...
Published in Biology Bulletin
Abstract—Lantz’s newt, or the Caucasian smooth newt (Lissotriton lantzi), is endemic to the forest belt in the Caucasus. Descriptions of the first cases of leucism and melanism in this newt species observed in captivity are given. All leucistic specimen larvae (18 specimens) were found in the offspring of a single female, and all died before metamo...
Published in Biology Bulletin
AbstractMigratory birds need various compass systems for successfully migrating in their season-specific and species-specific directions. The first compass systems to be revealed were the sun and the star compasses, but after the discovery of a magnetic compass, emphasis has very much shifted towards that latter system. The sun compass and the star...
Published in Biology Bulletin
AbstractWe analyzed the relationships between the modularity and integration of the morphotypic variability of the first lower molar (m1) in gray voles, Microtus s. l., based on fluctuating asymmetry data. In total, 5500 pairs of masticatory surface outlines of the left and right first lower molar m1 were studied. Fifty-seven different morphotypes ...
Published in Biology Bulletin
AbstractIn the commercial Pacific mussel species, Mytilus trossulus, from the Sea of Japan, features of the morphological structure of the byssal apparatus, byssal threads, and pedal groove are studied. Steps in the process of byssal threads formation and characters of the morphological structure of the byssal groove related to this process are des...
Published in Biology Bulletin
AbstractEcological patterns of the spatial differentiation of bird fauna and populations in the alpine belt of the northwestern Putorana Plateau were analyzed at 730–1412 m above sea level. The survey was conducted by route counts along transects of unlimited width. The fauna of breeding birds was assessed using the species belonging to faunal comp...
Published in Biology Bulletin
AbstractIn the 20th century, the breeding grounds of the barnacle goose over the territory of Russia included only the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago and Vaygach Island. Until the middle of the century, the population did not exceed 20 000–30 000 individuals. In the 1970s–1980s, the population of the barnacle goose started increasing slowly. Shortly the...
Published in Biology Bulletin
AbstractThe maximum body temperature has meaning as the upper limit of temperature tolerance. Our statistical analysis made it possible to identify five indicators of the maximum body temperature: critical, highest, typical, average, and voluntary. An analysis of field measurements of the body temperature using a mercury thermometer and the data on...
