Published in Annals of epidemiology
In the response to COVID-19, countries have implemented response strategies along a continuum of population- and venue-level specificity ranging from suppression to mitigation strategies. Suppression strategies generally include population-wide shelter-in-place mandates or lockdowns, closure of nonessential physical venues, travel bans, testing and...
Published in Annals of epidemiology
Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) is one of the important diagnostic markers of chronic kidney disease. We aimed to investigate the association between UACR within normal range and cardiovascular or all-cause mortality. This study included a nationally representative sample of 31,413 U.S. adults aged greater than or equal to 20 years enrol...
Published in Annals of epidemiology
Veterans represent a significant proportion of the U.S. population (7%), and the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in this group of vulnerable patients has been largely overlooked. This analysis reports COVID-19 patient demographics, infection, mortality, and case-fatality rates in the veteran population. This is a cross-sectional a...
Published in Annals of epidemiology
The purpose of this study was to examine whether the latest National Institute for Health and Care Excellence proton pump inhibitor (PPI) guidelines changed physician prescribing patterns in clinical practice. Using data from the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink, we calculated monthly PPI prescribing rates in adults by dividing th...
Published in Annals of epidemiology
A first-born male infant may lead to an exaggerated immune response in the mother in subsequent pregnancies, increasing the risk of preterm birth (PTB) and growth restriction. This study investigated whether risks of PTB and growth restriction are greater among infants preceded by a first-born male infant and evaluated if the associations differ by...
Published in Annals of epidemiology
The purpose of this study was to ascertain COVID-19 transmission dynamics among Latino communities nationally. We compared predictors of COVID-19 cases and deaths between disproportionally Latino counties (≥17.8% Latino population) and all other counties through May 11, 2020. Adjusted rate ratios (aRRs) were estimated using COVID-19 cases and death...
Published in Annals of epidemiology
Annually, 1%-2% of hospitalized patients are discharged against medical advice (AMA), positioning them at an increased risk of readmission, morbidity, and mortality. Our study aim was to examine 30-day all-cause readmission rates and estimate readmission odds among AMA discharges in the United States, across clinically distinct diagnostic subgroups...
Published in Annals of epidemiology
The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of cigarette smoking and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use during pregnancy on small for gestational age (SGA). We used data from the 2016-2017 Arkansas Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, estimated the risk ratio (RR) for SGA for maternal prenatal cigarette smoking-only us...
Published in Annals of epidemiology
This study determined the prevalence, mortality, and time trends of children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Twenty-five hospital- and population-based surveillance programs in 19 International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research member countries provided birth defects mortality data between 1974 and 2015. CDH case...
Published in Annals of epidemiology
Reports on pediatric lifetime concussions/head injuries (LCHI) from national surveys have offered estimates on prevalence that range from 2.5% to 18% in the general population. The purpose of this study is to examine national surveys to compare methodologies and limitations pertaining to LCHI data collection. Three nationally representative surveys...
