Foxman, Betsy Mehta, Shruti
Published in
American journal of epidemiology
Technological developments in laboratory and epidemiologic methods, combined with increasing computing power, have synergistically increased our understanding of the epidemiology of infectious disease. Using historical examples from the first 100 years of the American Journal of Epidemiology, we illustrate how these developments provided the founda...
Sudat, Sylvia E K Wesson, Paul Rhoads, Kim F Brown, Stephanie Aboelata, Noha Pressman, Alice R Mani, Aravind Azar, Kristen M J
Published in
American journal of epidemiology
Arterial blood oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2)) may be differentially less accurate for people with darker skin pigmentation, which could potentially affect the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment. We analyzed pulse oximeter accuracy and its association with COVID-19 treatment...
Tompsett, Daniel Zylbersztejn, Ania Hardelid, Pia De Stavola, Bianca
Published in
American journal of epidemiology
Target trial emulation (TTE) applies the principles of randomized controlled trials to the causal analysis of observational data sets. One challenge that is rarely considered in TTE is the sources of bias that may arise if the variables involved in the definition of eligibility for the trial are missing. We highlight patterns of bias that might ari...
Mathur, Maya B
Published in
American journal of epidemiology
Complete-case analyses can be biased if missing data are not missing completely at random. We propose simple sensitivity analyses that apply to complete-case estimates of treatment effects; these analyses use only simple summary data and obviate specifying the precise mechanism of missingness and making distributional assumptions. Bias arises when ...
Ang, Gregory Edney, Sarah Martine Tan, Chuen Seng Lim, Nicole Tan, Jeremy Müller-Riemenschneider, Falk Chen, Cynthia
Published in
American journal of epidemiology
Physical inactivity is a global public health challenge, and effective, large-scale interventions are needed. We examined the effectiveness of a population-wide mobile health (mHealth) intervention in Singapore, National Steps Challenge Season 3 (NSC3) and 2 booster challenges (Personal Pledge and Corporate Challenge). The study includes 411,528 pa...
Martinez, Rae Anne M Andrabi, Nafeesa Goodwin, Andrea N Wilbur, Rachel E Smith, Natalie R Zivich, Paul N
Published in
American journal of epidemiology
Despite repeated calls by scholars to critically engage with the concepts of race and ethnicity in US epidemiologic research, the incorporation of these social constructs in scholarship may be suboptimal. This study characterizes the conceptualization, operationalization, and utilization of race and ethnicity in US research published in leading jou...
Neumann, Krista Mason, Susan M Farkas, Kriszta Santaularia, N Jeanie Ahern, Jennifer Riddell, Corinne A
Published in
American journal of epidemiology
Interest in using internet search data, such as that from the Google Health Trends Application Programming Interface (GHT-API), to measure epidemiologically relevant exposures or health outcomes is growing due to their accessibility and timeliness. Researchers enter search term(s), geography, and time period, and the GHT-API returns a scaled probab...
Nguyen, Katie Truc Nhat H Stuart, Jennifer J Shah, Aarushi H Becene, Iris A West, Madeline G Berrill, Jane Gelaye, Bizu Borba, Christina P C Rich-Edwards, Janet W
Published in
American Journal of Epidemiology
Qualitative research methods, while rising in popularity, are still a relatively underutilized tool in public health research. Usually reserved for small samples, qualitative research techniques have the potential to enhance insights gained from large questionnaires and cohort studies, both deepening the interpretation of quantitative data and gene...
Filiatreau, Lindsey M Zivich, Paul N Edwards, Jessie K Mulholland, Grace E Max, Ryan Westreich, Daniel
Published in
American journal of epidemiology
Pooled testing has been successfully used to expand SARS-CoV-2 testing, especially in settings requiring high volumes of screening of lower-risk individuals, but efficiency of pooling declines as prevalence rises. We propose a differentiated pooling strategy that independently optimizes pool sizes for distinct groups with different probabilities of...
Kilaru, Pruthvi Hill, Dustin Anderson, Kathryn Collins, Mary B Green, Hyatt Kmush, Brittany L Larsen, David A
Published in
American journal of epidemiology
Wastewater surveillance for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been shown to be a valuable source of information regarding SARS-CoV-2 transmission and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Although the method has been used for several decades to track other infectious diseases, there has not been a comprehensive r...
