Prevalence of alcohol-impaired drivers based on random breath tests in a roadside survey in Catalonia (Spain)
Published in Accident Analysis & Prevention
Impulsivity-like traits and risky driving behaviors among college students
Published in Accident Analysis & Prevention
Abstract The present study examined the predictive effects of five impulsivity-like traits (Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, Negative Urgency, and Positive Urgency) on driving outcomes (driving errors, driving lapses, driving violations, cell phone driving, traffic citations, and traffic collisions). With a convenience sample of 266 ...
Keeping baby safe: A randomized trial of a parent training program for infant and toddler motor vehicle injury preventio...
Published in Accident Analysis & Prevention
Abstract Motor vehicle crashes are responsible for much death and disability among infants and toddlers. This study evaluated Keeping Baby Safe In and Around the Car, a multimedia DVD designed to improve knowledge about car seat installation among parents of infants and toddlers. The randomized controlled trial was conducted with 195 parents of chi...
An integrated quality function deployment and capital budgeting methodology for occupational safety and health as a syst...
Published in Accident Analysis & Prevention
Abstract In this paper, an integrated methodology for Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and a 0–1 knapsack model is proposed for occupational safety and health as a systems thinking approach. The House of Quality (HoQ) in QFD methodology is a systematic tool to consider the inter-relationships between two factors. In this paper, three HoQs are used...
Self-regulatory driving practices among older adults: Health, age and sex effects
Published in Accident Analysis & Prevention
Abstract The purpose of this study was to better understand how older adults self-regulate driving, and to identify differences by age, sex, and health-related functioning. Michigan drivers over age 64 were surveyed by telephone ( n = 961, age [ μ = 74.2, σ = 5.8], 56% female) about their driving-related behaviors, physical functioning, and health....
The role of risk-taking and errors in children's liability to unintentional injury
Published in Accident Analysis & Prevention
Abstract There is likely to be heterogeneity in the processes putting children at risk of injury. This paper examines whether errors may form a dissociable process from risk-taking. We further examine whether these constructs mediate the links between emotional and behavioural problems and unintentional injury. We designed the parent-report Childre...
Risk and type of crash among young drivers by rurality of residence: Findings from the DRIVE Study
Published in Accident Analysis & Prevention
Abstract Background Most previous literature on urban/rural differences in road crashes has a primary focus on severe injuries or deaths, which may be largely explained by variations of medical resources. Little has been reported on police-reported crashes by geographical location, or crash type and severity, especially among young drivers. Methods...
The non-linearity of risk and the promotion of environmentally sustainable transport
Published in Accident Analysis & Prevention
Abstract Several studies show that the risks of injury to pedestrians and cyclists are highly non-linear. This means that the more pedestrians or cyclists there are, the lower is the risk faced by each pedestrian or cyclist. On the other hand, the more motor vehicles there are, the higher becomes the risk faced by each pedestrian or cyclist. The re...
The sensitivity of estimates of regression to the mean
Published in Accident Analysis & Prevention
Abstract Estimations of the effectiveness of remedial treatments in road safety analysis are frequently bedevilled by the problem of regression to the mean (RTM). The number of accidents x observed at a site in the “before” period is a “noisy” quantity: x is Poisson distributed about an (unknown) true mean m for that site, so that x = m + e. Sites ...
Caution: A comment on Alena Erke's red light for red-light cameras? A meta-analysis of the effects of red-light cameras ...
Published in Accident Analysis & Prevention
Abstract In Red Light for Red-Light Cameras?, Alena Erke concludes that “… on the whole, redlight cameras do not seem to be a successful safety measure.” Although Erke's survey of the literature appears to have been comprehensive, her review of the studies was not critical. She appears to have accepted the authors’ descriptions of their analyses ra...
