Published in Cahiers de Nutrition et de Diététique
La plasticité d'un matériau est sa propriété à modifier sa forme sous l'effet d'une action et à la conserver à l'arrêt de cette action. Par analogie, la plasticité neuronale décrit comment des neurones s'étendent, se rétractent ou se réorganisent en fonction de l'activité des synapses et des neurones qu'ils rencontrent et comment au niveau des syna...
Published in Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract can play a direct role in glucose homeostasis by modulating the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates and by producing the incretin hormones. In recent years, numerous studies have focused on intestinal adaptation following bariatric surgeries. Changes in the number of incretin- (GLP-1, GIP) producing cells have ...
Published in Frontiers in Physiology
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is characterized by severe intestinal malabsorption following restrictive surgery. The objective of this study was to determine the functional contribution of SBS-microbiota after resection. It is well-known that SBS-microbiota displayed specific features with a prevalence of Lactobacillus, a low amount of some anaerobic ...
Published in Journal of Integrative Cardiology
The technically easier one-anastomosis (mini) gastric bypass (MGB) is associated with similar metabolic improvements and weight loss as the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). However, MGB is controversial and suspected to result in greater malabsorption than RYGB. In this study, we compared macronutrient absorption and intestinal adaptation after MGB...
Published in Microorganisms
Extensive resection of small bowel often leads to short bowel syndrome (SBS). SBS patients develop clinical mal-absorption and dehydration relative to the reduction of absorptive area, acceleration of gastrointestinal transit time and modifications of the gastrointestinal intra-luminal environment. As a consequence of severe mal-absorption, patient...
Published in Scientific Reports
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) patients developing hyperphagia have a better outcome. Gastrointestinal endocrine adaptations help to improve intestinal functions and food behaviour. We investigated neuroendocrine adaptations in SBS patients and rat models with jejuno-ileal (IR-JI) or jejuno-colonic (IR-JC) anastomosis with and without parenteral nutrit...
Published in Gastroenterology
We thank Pattou, Daoudi and Baud for their interest in our work 1 , as well as for their complementary work 2 , on intestinal absorption of ingested glucose after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB). Based on their recent data obtained with a minipig model of RYGB, they claim this bariatric surgery to affect postprandial glucose metabolism primarily by...
Published in Gastroenterology
Background & Aims: Bariatric surgeries, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), are the most effective approaches to resolve type 2 diabetes in obese individuals. Alimentary glucose absorption and intestinal disposal of blood glucose have not been directly compared between individuals or animals that underwent ...
Published in Journal of Nutritional Science
The enterohormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is required to amplify glucose-induced insulin secretion that facilitates peripheral glucose utilisation. Alteration in GLP-1 secretion during obesity has been reported but is still controversial. Due to the high adaptability of intestinal cells to environmental changes, we hypothesised that the den...
Published in The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
Published in Gut
Differences in microbiota composition can determine response to a HFD in mice. These results further demonstrate that the gut microbiota contributes to the development of NAFLD independently of obesity.
Published in Molecular Pharmacology
The intestinal H(+)/peptide cotransporter 1 (PepT1) plays a major role in nitrogen supply to the body by mediating intestinal absorption of di- and tripeptides. Previous studies have reported that in animal models of type 2 diabetes/obesity, PepT1 activity and expression were markedly reduced. This prompted us to investigate the effects of two anti...
Published in The Journal of Physiology
Nutritional factors can induce profound neuroplastic changes in the enteric nervous system (ENS), responsible for changes in gastrointestinal (GI) motility. However, long-term effects of a nutritional imbalance leading to obesity, such as Western diet (WD), upon ENS phenotype and control of GI motility remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated the...
Published in American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
L-glutamine is the primary metabolic fuel for enterocytes. Glutamine from the diet is transported into the absorptive cells by two sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporters present at the apical membrane: ASCT2/SLC1A5 and B(0)AT1/SLC6A19. We have demonstrated that leptin is secreted into the stomach lumen after a meal and modulates the trans...
Published in Journal of physiology and pharmacology
Metformin is an orally administered drug that lowers blood glucose and improves insulin sensitivity in patients with non insulin-dependent diabetes. Although the antihyperglycemic effect of metformin has been extensively studied, its cellular mechanism(s) of action (including the effect on enterocyte) remains to be defined. This study was designed ...
Les signaux moléculaires produits en réponse au repas le long du tractus gastro-intestinal ont été largement impliqués dans le contrôle de l’homéostasie énergétique. La leptine produite par l’estomac fait partie de ces signaux car elle contrôle à court terme les apports énergétiques via les afférences du nerf vague et via l’absorption des nutriment...
Published in PLoS ONE
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The small intestine is the major site of absorption of dietary sugars. The rate at which they enter and exit the intestine has a major effect on blood glucose homeostasis. In this study, we determine the effects of luminal leptin on activity/expression of GLUT2 and GLUT5 transporters in response to sugars intake and analyse the...
Published in Journal of Biological Chemistry
Leptin is a major determinant of energy homeostasis, acting both centrally and in the gastrointestinal tract. We previously reported that acute leptin treatment enhances the absorption of di- and tripeptides via the proton-dependent PepT1 transporter. In this study, we investigated the long term effect of leptin on PepT1 levels and activity in Caco...
Published in AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism
Partial leptin deficiency is not uncommon in the general population. We hypothesized that leptin insufficiency could favor obesity, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and other metabolic abnormalities, particularly under high calorie intake. Thus, mice partially deficient in leptin (ob/+) and their wild-type (+/+) littermates were fed for 4 mo wi...
Published in Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
The H+-coupled peptide cotransporter 1 (PepT1) mediates absorption of peptides and peptidomimetic drugs. Acute luminal leptin was reported to induce translocation of PepT1 to the enterocyte membrane in vitro and in vivo in the rat, resulting in enhanced peptide and peptidomimetic drug absorption. In this study, we analyzed chronic effects of leptin...
